CONSTRUCTION WITHOUT STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Practice of construction without considering safety factor or without endorsement by structural engineer...

The owner only ask for good finishes... they might not consider the strength of the structure.

Ever heard about the whole roof collapse?

Some example that i ever seen...

• Additional 1st floor slab , column, roof beam and roof... sitting on single storey low cost shop 'roof beam'...
• Intermediate lot Steel Structure bolted to neighbor '20 years OLD brick party wall'... not support by foundation/column from ground.
  

Is it cost saving or 'Anti SAFEty'... Both premises are open for public...who shuld be blame?